Yoruba culture and health communication patterns the yoruba of southwestern nigeria have been described. A comparative phonology of the olukumi, igala, owe and yoruba. This essay will discuss about the interrelationship between synchronic and diachronic approach from the perspective of historical linguistics. The study of change in a phenomenon such as a code over time in contrast to synchronic analysis. There are two principal approaches in linguistic science to the study of language material, namely the synchronic gr. In doing this, the study investigated the lexical, semantic and syntactic. Adebayo 2017 some diachronic changes in yoruba grammar.
The yoruba koine its history and linguistic innovations j. The number of speakers of yoruba is estimated between 30 and 40 million, primarily by the ethnic yoruba people. A comparative phonology of the olukumi, igala, owe and yoruba languages arokoyo, bolanle elizabeth department of linguistics and nigerian languages, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria. The nonvernacular remains of the language in the caribbean, lucumi, is the liturgical language. Aim of the study the author reports a content analysis that examined hypotheses and questions regarding cultural values in early british advertising discourse. Traces of arabic words in yoruba language apart from the borrowed words from hausa to yoruba language like means leave the placekai, gani means to see properly, magaji means heirleader of a family and host of others, there are still many words in yoruba language which emanate from arabic. Yoruba studies languages, literatures, and cultures. We made using the fsi yoruba basic course material easier to use and more effective. Linguisticallyrelevant diachronic study of cultural. It is written to help the beginning student basic knowledge in learning the acquire a language. Synchronic linguistics is the study of the linguistic elements and usage of a language at a particular moment. If you want to practice what you have learned in yoruba, then this is your chance.
Saussure saw the development of language in terms of a series of synchronic states. Learn more about the fll african languages specialization here. A concise introduction to the yoruba language yoruba kasahorow kasahorow on. Linguistic change, growth and development lyons 1987 posits that linguistics is the scientific study of language. When they arent farming or worshipping the gods, the yoruba can often be found employed in a variety of arts. A case study of yoruba ethnography of greetings semantic scholar. The gbe language varieties, spoken by a total of approximately eight million speakers estimate in gordon 2005, are situated in the southeastern part of west africa, occupying large areas in southwestern nigeria, southern benin, togo, and southeastern ghana.
The word was first used in the middle of the 19th century to emphasize the difference between a newer approach to the study of language that was then developing and the more traditional approach of philology. African languages, africa, loanwords, oed, diachronic analysis. The study of yoruba 241 nigeria, togo, and benin, are one of the three major ethnic groups of nigeria, africas most populous nation. Yoruba is spoken by more than 20 million people in southwestern. This basic grammar book of yoruba will teach you simple grammar. This paper investigates negative markers in five sinitic languages. Pdf a global evaluation of the teaching and learning of.
The linguistic analysis of the structure of the yoruba. The study of historical linguistics is simply defined as study of language change over a period of time. It is a pluricentric language spoken principally in nigeria and benin, with communities in sierra leone, liberia, other parts of africa, the americas, and europe. However, language change as a concept and as a subject of linguistic investigation is often regarded as something separate from the study of language in general. This is to certify that this research study the impact of the mother tongue on second language learning and proficiency. The first looks at a snapshot of a language, and the other studies its evolution like a. The ikwerre native speakers experience, has been satisfactorily carried out by owhoeli ucheoma, a post graduate student in the department of english and literary studies and. It is believed that a comparative study of this type will reveal the differences which are assumed to be responsible for linguistic interference and are thus sources of difficulties for a yoruba learner of english. Language engineering is a continuing and dialectic process including orthography design corpus planning, material development, encouragement of language use at all levels to account for and communicate the changing experiences of the speakers as well as. Department of linguistics and african languages, university of abuja, abuja. This book is the first comprehensive study of the sound system of ikalanga, a bantu language of the shona group, and its distribution in the phonology. The other yoruboid languages include igala and itsekiri. Implications for english language teaching and learning in nigeria.
Historical linguistics, also called diachronic linguistics, the branch of linguistics concerned with the study of phonological, grammatical, and semantic changes, the reconstruction of earlier stages of languages, and the discovery and application of the methods by which genetic relationships among languages can be demonstrated. You can now read the ebook in the pane on the left, listen to the audio pane to the right and practice your pronunciation use on the pronunciation tool tab on right all at the same time. Diachronic explanations of sound patterns ubc linguistics. Minnan, yue, wu, xiang and northern mandarin with reference to crosslinguistic studies on negation such as dryer a brief historical sketch is also made of archaic chinese 5 th. The study aims at accounting the linguistic means used in newspapers caledonian mercury, the times, and the morning post in order to codify cultural values in the diachronic. A diachronic study of change in juju music cambridge core. A model of language in a synchronic and diachronic sense. This tried and trusted learning method is a refreshing choice in this digital age. Grammar current vocabulary current speaking current reading current writing current exercises current ielts current toefl current grammar pdf materials. It is believed that by studying the dialects of yoruba, linguists will be able to provide satisfactory. Using both phonetic factors and typological evidence from other languages of the world, bantu as well as nonbantu, the book provides a careful and elaborate study on different phonological processes such as high vowel frication spirantization.
The yoruba spiritual heritage maintains that the yoruba ethnic groups are a. How to say study in yoruba whats the yoruba word for study. Analysis and interpretation ades ola o late ju university of ibadan, nigeria abstract the paper undertakes a study of animal metaphors in the yoruba language with a view to highlighting the stylistic and communicative potentials of these metaphors. You will be able to see your score after you finish taking the test. The number of speakers of yoruba is approaching 80 million. Synchronic linguistics aims at describing a language at a specific point of time, usually the present. A collection of material, published up until approximately 1950 and consisting of textbooks, monographs and lecture. The neglect of diachronic semantic evolutions and the impact of ancient lexical.
Inconsistent language policy, successive government. Synchronic linguistics is one of the two main temporal dimensions of language study introduced by saussure in his course in general linguistics 1916. The case of vestige of diachrony in yoruba personal. They are also the most studied ethnic group in africa. He is currently working on a booklength study of yoruba presence in brazil.
The main aim is to identify the various causes of linguistic variations. Sometimes the term diachronic linguistics is used instead of historical linguistics, as a way of referring to the study of language or languages at various points in time and at various historical stages. Synchronic linguistics, also known as descriptive linguistics, is the study of language at any given point in time while diachronic linguistics is the study of language through different periods in history. Related to this lack of predictability is the more fundamental fact that this featureandsegment analysis does not give a very accurate picture of what is really happening in a language with this process. Alas, all these would be gone and totally lost since the language is progressively dying out and steadily being supplanted by other languages, most especially the english language. A model of language in a synchronic and diachronic sense ji r raclavsky abstract language can be modelled in various ways, highlighting either its social or systemic character. The effects of different similarity judgment criteria, in the journal, linguistic discovery, volume 3, issue 1, year 2005. The phonetics of the yoruba language classifies these speech sounds while the phonology deals with the systemic relationships between them. A study of relationship between arabic and yoruba languages.
We suggest printing out the yoruba exercise book and doing the exercises with a pencil or a pen. To characterize the language learning burden placed on someone entering this area of health care, especially someone whose first language is not english, a study was undertaken of the lexical and. Sr x reproductions supplied by edrs are the best that can be made. This book is an investigation of the properties of languages with highly complex syllable patterns. Critics argue that structuralism fails to account for how change occurs. The syllable is a natural unit of organization in spoken language whose strongest crosslinguistic patterns are often explained in terms of a universal preference for the cv structure.
Transfer from yoruba to english was higher than from english to yoruba at lower levels of proficiency in english. Besides, the word yoruba seems to anate from the said yaem crub. Fsi yoruba basic course student text skype language school. Contrastive study of english and yoruba morphological. There is no doubt that in any culture or civilization, language is basic, and wherever you find a similar language being spoken, there is no doubt that there must be some historical connection. Difference between synchronic and diachronic linguistics. The differences were and are largely matters of attitude, emphasis, and purpose. A sociocultural analysis of yoruba discourse patterns in. A full 41 pages of exercises in yoruba to help you learn essential words and phrases in the language. The earliest studies of yoruba religious traditions were carried out by mlssionarles, travellers and explorers who were concerned with writng about the. The study of yoruba religious tradition in historical perspective this essay presents an overview of past and recent scholarship in yoruba religion. Synchrony and diachrony are two different and complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. Synchronic linguistics and diachronic linguistics are two main divisions of linguistics.
Ilori 2010 reports that the term defoid is a coinage introduced by capo 1989. The use of indigenous language in radio broadcasting. Language change is one of the subjects of historical linguistics, the subfield of linguistics that studies language in its historical aspects. Pdf a diachronic study of the language of chiropractic. This phenomenon was analyzed from both the diachronic and synchronic perspective. The scope of diachronic onomasiology, in vilmos agel, andreas gardt. A diachronic study of euphemism formation kerry linfootham university of florida, usa abstract this paper examines how very personal linguistic choices are actually products of societal mores and pressures. The two aims are i to establish whether these languages share other linguistic features in common such that they constitute a distinct linguistic type, and ii to identify possible diachronic paths and natural mechanisms by which these patterns come about in the history of a language.
The article, a synchronic lexical study of gbe language varieties. A morphological study with special reference to noun prefixes, noun classes, and some agreement markers lopez, barbara s. Yoruba is a language of west africa with over 25 million speakers. Diachronic linguistics refers to the study of how a language evolves over a period of time. A pictorial format with sound clips attached to every word. A global evaluation of the teaching and learning of yoruba language as a second or foreign language chapter pdf available january 2006 with 98 reads how we measure reads. Get an answer for what is the difference between diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics. The author asserts that the contact between english and yoruba in nigeria has positive consequences such as bilingualism, multilingualism, effective code mixing and code switching, borrowing, biand multiculturalism, and language enrichment. Contrastive study of english and yoruba morphological system. Tracing the development of english from the old english period to the twentieth century is a diachronic study.
Owomoyela yoruba studies center for african studies. The ef fects of different similarity judgment criteria kluge 2005 focuses on the wordlist analy 2 in general, all language names are spelled using the latin alphabet and without diacritics. A case studied by tottie 1991involves the development of ne. The present study focuses on the body and its parts as a semantic domain, providing first of all. It is in view of the above that a synchronic study of english and yoruba morphological systems is undertaken here. The yoruba spiritual heritage maintains that the yoruba ethnic groups are a unique people who originally settled at ileife. Yoruba language, one of a small group of languages that comprise the yoruboid cluster of the defoid subbranch of the benuecongo branch of the nigercongo language family. Using generative syntax to describe the diachronic data from yoruba. Diachronic linguistics is the study of the changes in language over time. Vowel harmony and coarticulation in three dialects of yoruba. The study of yoruba religious tradition in historical. This exploratory study, according to the linguistic comparative method, tries to show that large numbers of cognate lexical items are available between egyptian pharaonic language and modern yoruba of nigeria.
Fsi yoruba basic course we made using the fsi yoruba basic course material easier to use and more effective. Topics yoruba language collection opensource language english. A diachronic study of change in juju music 233 besides the influence of church hymns, other allusions and oblique references abound in the lyrical style of tunde king. Diachronic linguistics 971 in some cases the most frequent instances of a construction retain archaic charac teristics so that two means of expressing the same thing exist in a language tonie 1991. My phonological analysis includes a phonemic inventory. These can be traced to the influence of a particular type of dance music which preceded juju music in lagos. It is very important to pay attention to proper pronunciation right from the outset. I assume that language is a normative phenomenon enabling speakers to communicate.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A synchronic lexical study of gbe language varieties. It is spoken, among other languages, in nigeria, benin, and togo and traces of it are found among communities in brazil, sierra leone, northern ghana and cuba. Language change1 raymond hickey essen university introduction it is an obvious truism to say that, given the dynamic nature of language, change is ever present. Gbenga fagborun the yoruba koine, extracted from the authors doctoral dissertation, examines the history and mechanisms of linguistic innovation in the yoruba language. Syllable patterns involving long sequences of consonants are both typologically rare and theoretically marginalized, with few approaches treating these as natural or unproblematic structures. A diachronic study of change in juju music volume 8 issue 3 afolabi alajabrowne skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites.
Diachronic linguistics 949 change in the feature anterior. At any particular time language is used, however, we are capable of determining a func. To learn more download the application materials owomoyela yoruba studies grant competition 2018b. Professor afolabi teaches courses in yoruba language, culture, literature, religion and yoruba diaspora formations in brazil. While giving the diachronic account of numerals, girling 1958. Study of native speakers of yoruba who spoke english as a second language found that transfer of learning from one language to the other decreased with increasing proficiency in english. The other is diachronic linguistics, which is the study of language through periods of time in history. Weaving is an important craft, practiced by both men and women, as is. This study investigates how the language of chiropractic has changed over time. Both archeology and traditional yoruba oral historians confirm the existence of people in this region for several millennia. He holds a joint appointment in spanish and portuguese as well as the department of african and african diaspora studies. Politeness in the yoruba and french languages article pdf available in international journal of language studies 84.
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